Google Scholar

Safe Block: Depends Verified robots.txt: No

Google Scholar uses a bot to crawl and index scholarly literature from academic publishers, repositories, and university websites. This populates its academic search engine.

Key facts

Operator: Google
Family: Google
Purpose: Search
User-Agent: Googlebot-IA/
Should you block it?: Depends
Verified: Yes
Respects robots.txt: No
Identity type: Official Documented
Confidence: High
Last verified: 2026-04-01

Bot details

Identity

User-Agent: Googlebot-IA/
robots.txt token: Googlebot-IA/
HTTP user-agent: Googlebot-IA/2.1

Ownership

Operator: Google
Family: Google
Type: Search
Purpose: Search

Verification and trust

Source type: Official
Confidence: High
Last verified: 2026-04-01
Verification: Listed by Cloudflare Radar as a verified bot; match the published robots.txt token and user-agent pattern. Cross-check the operator documentation linked in the source field when available.
Operator URL: https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/libraries.html
Source URL: https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/libraries.html

Blocking and detection

Robots

User-agent: Googlebot-IA/
Disallow: /

Cloudflare

(http.user_agent contains "Googlebot-IA/")

Advanced server rules

Apache

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} Googlebot\-IA\/ [NC]
RewriteRule ^ - [F,L]

Nginx

if ($http_user_agent ~* "Googlebot-IA/") { return 403; }

Notes

Google Scholar is a verified bot listed by Cloudflare Radar. Category: Search Engine Crawler. Operator: Google. Google Scholar uses a bot to crawl and index scholarly literature from academic publishers, repositories, and university websites. This populates its academic search engine. Cloudflare Radar page: https://radar.cloudflare.com/bots/directory/google-scholar

Evidence and source

Listed by Cloudflare Radar as a verified bot; match the published robots.txt token and user-agent pattern. Cross-check the operator documentation linked in the source field when available.

https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/libraries.html